domain markup-data ★ seed

Markup & Data Languages

Languages for structuring, annotating, and serializing data rather than expressing computation. HTML structures documents; JSON and YAML serialize data; LaTeX typesets text.

#markup #data-format #serialization

Sub-topics

HTML topic

HyperText Markup Language, created by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in 1993. The standard markup for web pages. Derived from SGML. HTML5 (2014) added semantic elements, canvas, audio/video, and web APIs. The backbone of the World Wide Web.

XML concept

Extensible Markup Language, standardized by W3C in 1998 as a simplified subset of SGML. A general-purpose markup for structured data exchange. Spawned XHTML, XSLT, XPath, SOAP, and RSS. Largely supplanted by JSON for web APIs.

JSON concept

JavaScript Object Notation, specified by Douglas Crockford around 2001. A lightweight data interchange format derived from JavaScript object literal syntax. The dominant format for web APIs, config files, and data serialization.

YAML concept

YAML Ain't Markup Language, first released in 2001 by Clark Evans, Ingy dot Net, and Oren Ben-Kiki. A human-friendly data serialization standard used for configuration (Docker Compose, Kubernetes, GitHub Actions, Ansible).

LaTeX concept

Created by Leslie Lamport in 1984, built on Donald Knuth's TeX (1978). A document preparation system and typesetting language. The standard for academic papers in mathematics, physics, and computer science.