Sunni Islam
The majority branch (~85-90% of Muslims). Follows the Sunnah of Muhammad and accepts Abu Bakr as first rightful caliph. Four major schools of jurisprudence (madhabs).
Sub-topics
Founded by Abu Hanifa in 8th century Iraq. Most liberal of the four madhabs, emphasizing reason (ra'y) and analogy (qiyas). Dominant in Turkey, South Asia, Central Asia.
Founded by Malik ibn Anas in 8th century Medina. Emphasizes the practice of the people of Medina as a source of law. Dominant in North and West Africa.
Founded by al-Shafi'i in 9th century Egypt. Systematized Islamic jurisprudence (usul al-fiqh). Dominant in East Africa, Southeast Asia, and Yemen.
Founded by Ahmad ibn Hanbal in 9th century Baghdad. Most conservative madhab — strict adherence to Quran and hadith, minimal use of reason. Dominant in Saudi Arabia.
Founded by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab in 18th century Arabia. Return to the practices of the salaf (early Muslims). Puritanical, anti-innovation (bid'ah). Alliance with House of Saud.